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Research on port ecological suitability evaluation index system and evaluation model

Yaofeng XIE,Xia LV,Ru LIU,Liuyan MAO,Xiaoxi LIU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第1期页码 65-70 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0258-6

摘要： Along with the rapid development of port building, the negative impacts of port’s construction and operation on the coastline ecosystem are also increasingly strong. Therefore, it’s urgent to establish a scientific and complete system of port ecological suitability evaluation. This paper pointed out the characteristics of port ecological effects and the principles of selecting evaluation index, and used the “pressure-state-response (PSR)” model to analysis the various pressures on the environment caused by port construction and operation, and the system’s response. On this basis, we constructed the port ecological suitability evaluation index. This model used the combination of qualitative and quantitative analytic hierarchy process, to meet the multi-level, multi-objective characteristics of evaluation index system. The evaluation index system and evaluation model can be used to analysis the ecological suitability of port projects comprehensively and have some guiding significance to the port ecological suitability evaluation.

关键词： port ecological suitability press-state-response (PSR) model evaluation index system

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The ecological system and the regionalization of landscape reconstruction in northwest of China

Peicheng LI,Guoyuan DU,Qilei LI,Jinfeng WANG,Feimin ZHENG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第4期页码 291-298 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014033

摘要： The northwest of China is a vast area with abundant resources and significant potential for development. However, the ecological system is extremely vulnerable to damage and must be managed carefully. Thus, the Chinese government is strengthening research on improvement and reconstruction of the ecological system and landscape in northwest of China while moving forward with large-scale development in west China. The disadvantages and vulnerabilities in the northwest area in China are presented. It is suggested that the reconstruction of landscape should be conducted by step by step regionalization across the various ecological systems in the 3.04 million km northwest area of China. The first level regionalization results of reconstruction of landscape are discussed.

关键词： reconstruction of landscape ecological system the northwest area of China science and technology action

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Evaluation of the ecological status with benthic indices in the coastal system: the case of Bohai Bay

Wenqian CAI,Wei MENG,Lusan LIU,Kuixuan LIN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第5期页码 737-746 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0617-x

摘要： Based on biologic and environmental materials collected from coastal areas of Bohai Bay (China) in April, 2008, three biotic indices (AZTI’s Marine Biotic Index (AMBI), Shannon–Wiener Index and -statistic) were applied together to evaluate the ecological status of the sampling area. The results showed a clear spatial gradient from a worse ecological status in the near-shore areas (especially around Haihe and Jiyun River Estuaries) to a better status in the offshore areas. While all the three indices could assist decision makers in visualizing spatial changes of organic pollutants in Bohai Bay, two indices, i.e., AMBI and Shannon-Wiener index, were effective in distinguishing sites from Haihe River Estuary, Jiyun River Estuary and other area. However, -statistic can’t tell the differences between estuaries and other area. It would be explained that organic pollutants and/or other environmental stresses in Bohai Bay were not strong enough to reduce the size of macrozoobenthos, which may cause both of the abundance and biomass curves crossed. To our knowledge, this is the first time that several benthic indices were used to assess the benthic ecological status in Bohai Bay, which gave the similar results. Furthermore, there is indication that the ecological status is related to excess input of wastewater along main rivers and outlets. In a word, AMBI, Shannon–Wiener Index and -statistic could be able to assess the benthic ecological status of Bohai Bay under the organic pollutants pressure.

关键词： AZTI’s Marine Biotic Index Shannon-Wiener Index W-statistic ecological status coastal system Bohai Bay (China)

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Ecological security evaluation of Africa

Huihui WEI, Wenjuan ZHANG, Feng ZHANG, Guojun SUN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第4期页码 467-477 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020320

摘要：

Africa, the second largest continent in the world, has achieved remarkable economic and political results through exploration and positive development. Ecological security comprehensively reflects the heath and integrity of an ecosystem, and it is broadly defined as the security state of a complex artificial ecosystem composed of natural, economic and social factors. Ecological security determines the potential for sustainable development in Africa, especially with its rapidly developing economies. However, there is a lack of information on the ecological security state of the continent as a whole. In this study, we constructed an evaluation system based on a pressure-state-response model and evaluated the ecological security state of all 54 African countries. The results showed that, at the national level, the ecological security state of the countries in Africa differed, as did their spatial and temporal variations from 1995 to 2016. In general, African countries showed relatively good ecological security. The years 2007 and 2001 were the worst and best years, respectively, in terms of ecological security during the study period. At the regional level, North Africa and West Africa had the best and worst ecological security, respectively.

关键词： Africa ecological security evaluation system PSR model

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生态文明高质量发展标准体系问题及实施路径

蔡文博,徐卫华,杨宁,郭小勇,欧阳志云

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第3期页码 40-45 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.03.014

摘要：

高质量发展是我国现阶段生态文明建设的核心要求，发挥生态文明建设标准体系的引领作用对于支撑高质量发展具有重要价值。本文梳理了生态文明高质量发展建设的战略需求、生态文明建设标准体系的理论和实践进展，凝练了标准体系构建和实施中存在重点领域标准缺失、实施率不高等问题；对照《生态文明建设标准体系发展行动指南（2018—2020 年）》，研究了标准体系框架和内容的调整优化建议，就体系中亟需加强的重点领域提出实施路径。研究建议，构建生态产品价值实现标准体系，支撑生态经济发展；优化生态和环境质量标准体系，保障国家生态安全；完善陆地和海洋标准体系，支撑国土空间布局；建立绿色生活标准体系，规范生态文化建设。

关键词：生态文明建设高质量发展标准体系生态产品价值实现

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自上而下和自下而上相结合提高大规模生态修复规划的实用性和效率——来自社会-生态系统的启示 Article

Zhaowei Ding, Hua Zheng, Jun Wang, Patrick O´Connor, Cong Li, Xiaodong Chen, Ruonan Li, Zhiyun Ouyang

《工程（英文）》 2023年第31卷第12期页码 50-58 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.08.008

摘要：

Ecological restoration policies and their implementation are influenced by ecological and socioeconomic drivers. Top-down approach-based spatial planning, emphasizing hierarchical control within government structures, and without a comprehensive consideration of social–ecological interactions may result in implementation failure and low efficiency. Although many researchers have indicated the necessity to engage social–ecological interactions between stakeholders in effective planning processes, socioeconomic drivers of ecological restoration on a large scale are difficult to quantify because of data scarcity and knowledge limitations. Here, we established a new ecological restoration planning approach linking a social–ecological system framework to large-scale ecological restoration planning. The new spatial planning approach integrates bottom-up approaches targeting stakeholder interests and provides social considerations for stakeholder behavior analysis. Based on this approach, a meta-analysis is introduced to recognize key socioeconomic and social–ecological factors influencing large-scale ecological restoration implementation, and a stochastic model is constructed to analyze the impact of socioeconomic drivers on the behavior of authorities and participants on a large scale. We used the Yangtze River Basin-based Conversion of Cropland to Forest Program (CCFP), one of the largest payments for ecosystem service programs worldwide, to quantify the socioeconomic impacts of large-scale ecological restoration programs. Current CCFP planning without socioeconomic considerations failed to achieve large-scale program goals and showed low investment efficiency, with 19.71% of the implemented area reconverting to cropland after contract expiry. In contrast, spatial matching between planned and actual restoration increased from 61.55% to 81.86% when socioeconomic drivers were included. In addition, compared to that with the current CCFP implementation, the cost effectiveness of spatial planning with social considerations improved by 46.94%. Thus, spatial optimization planning that integrates both top-down and bottom-up approaches can result in more practical and effective ecological restoration than top-down approaches alone. Our new approach incorporates socioeconomic factors into large-scale ecological restoration planning with high practicality and efficiency.

关键词： Social-ecological system Ecological restoration Top-down approach Bottom-up approach

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福建省生态文明建设的经验与建议

梁广林,张林波,李岱青,刘成程,罗上华,

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第4期页码 74-78 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.04.012

摘要：

福建省是我国首个国家生态文明试验区，生态文明建设成效显著，形成了一系列可推广的经验。本文梳理了福建省自2001年以来在经济建设、环境治理、生态保护与人居建设方面取得的成效，指出福建省未来发展存在的问题，如资源环境约束依然巨大、与生态文明制度相适应的制度体系仍不健全、闽西和闽北山区加快发展与生态保护之间的矛盾日益突出等，总结了福建省在生态文明顶层设计、转变方式、绿色治理、制度建设等方面的经验，建议国家生态文明体制改革试点在福建省集中示范，形成制度合力，增强引领示范效应；建议福建省在下一阶段应着力推进经济绿色转型、创新生态环境监管体系、优化国土安全格局。

关键词：福建省；生态文明；政策建议；国家生态文明试验区；生态文明体制改革

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CONCENTRATIONS AND FLUXES OF DISSOLVED NUTRIENTS IN THE YANGTZE RIVER: LONG-TERM TRENDS AND ECOLOGICAL

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第4期页码 559-567 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2020344

摘要：

Intensifying human activity in the Yangtze River basin has substantially increased nutrient concentrations in the Yangtze River Estuary, leading to degradation of the coastal environment. Analysis of nutrient determinations published over the past 50 years reveals a gradual decreasing trend in the concentrations and fluxes of dissolved silicate (DSi). However, both dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) concentrations have increased significantly since the 1970s. The frequency of and area covered by red tide outbreaks have increased greatly during this period, mainly due to changes in nutrient supply ratios [i.e., N/P (DIN/DIP), N/Si (DIN/DSi), P/Si (DIP/DSi)]. A strong correlation was found between the riverine DIN fluxes and the estimated DIN inputs from the major N sources, particularly fertilizers and atmospheric deposition. The data provide a comprehensive assessment of nutrients in the Yangtze River basin and their ecological impacts and indicate a potentially significant influence of atmospheric deposition on DIN loadings and fluxes.

关键词： atmospheric deposition / ecological impacts / nitrogen sources / nutrients / Yangtze delta

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生态文明建设与能源、经济、环境和生态协调发展研究

呼和涛力,袁浩然,赵黛青,陈勇,杜祥琬

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第8期页码 54-53

摘要：

能源、经济、环境、生态(4E)复合系统存在相互影响、相互制约的发展关系，4E的协调发展是生态文明建设与社会可持续发展最终目的。本研究在4E四元发展的博弈性、协同性分析的基础上，本着以人为本的原则，利用层次分析法，构建了4E发展评价指标体系，并采用协调系数法计算出4E系统之间的综合耦合协调度。通过实证研究定量化的表达4E系统协调发展状况，为生态文明建设与4E协调发展决策的制定和选择提供参考依据。

关键词：生态文明；4E；复合系统；协调发展；评价指标

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Ecological conservation, remediation and construction for building an ecological civilization in China: concepts for ecological activity

Guofang SHEN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第4期页码 376-379 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017186

摘要： This paper explains and discusses the concepts of ecological conservation and construction in China in three parts. The first part provides a brief description of the historical background of ecological activities in China and their major achievements in the past. The second part is a comprehensive review of various types of ecological control activity aimed at the improvement of natural and artificially established ecosystems at the landscape, regional (watershed) and higher levels. The scope of and differences between some ecological terms used in China such as ecological protection, conservation, remediation (rehabilitation), restoration as well as the reestablishment of new ecosystems are elaborated. The review suggests that the term “ecological conservation and construction” should be used to embrace all types of ecological control activity in China. Finally, five guidelines are proposed for promoting the implementation of ecological conservation and construction in China based on the two important governmental documents related to the development of ecological civilization in China.

关键词： ecological conservation development construction ” description important governmental

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县域生态文明建设模式研究——以江西婺源为例

林民松,刘丽丽,曾现来,李金惠

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第5期页码 87-92 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.05.010

摘要：

生态文明是实现人与自然和谐发展的必然要求，生态文明建设是关系中华民族永续发展的根本大计。江西省婺源县是中部崛起的典型县域，具有生态文明建设独特的特色和优势。本文针对县域生态文明建设情况，从经济建设、政治建设、文化和社会建设、生态服务价值、生态文明建设指标体系五个维度出发，构建了“五维分析法”，并运用“五维分析法”全面分析了婺源县生态文明建设的做法、成效，归纳总结了婺源县的生态文明建设模式，并提出相应的生态文明建设的发展方向和相关政策建议，江西婺源的生态文明建设将对全国的生态文明建设起到示范引领作用。

关键词：县域生态文明生态旅游五维分析法指标体系

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HIGH QUALITY DEVELOPMENTAL APPROACH FOR SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION AND ECOLOGICAL PROTECTION ON THE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第4期页码 501-511 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021425

摘要：

The Loess Plateau is the core area in the Yellow River basin for implementing environmental protection and high-quality development strategies. A series of ecological projects has implemented aimed at soil and water conservation and ecological management on the Loess Plateau over the past 70 years. The effects of the ecological projects are apparent mainly through a marked increase in vegetation cover, controlled soil erosion and reduced flow of sediment into the Yellow River, continual optimization of the industrial structure and increased production from arable land, poverty alleviation and greater prosperity, and optimal allocation of space for biological organisms. Major problems have also been analyzed in ecological management including the fragile ecosystem of the region, maintaining the stability of vegetation, lower agricultural productivity and continued risk from natural disasters. Some suitable schemes and models have been developed for the coordinated development of the region through research and demonstration, striking the optimum balance between rural industry and ecology, and increased regional capacity to supply high-quality ecological products. Countermeasures to address the problems are suggested to guide ecological management and high-quality development in the future.

关键词： ecological management high quality development industrial structure soil erosion soil and water conservation Loess Plateau

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CONCENTRATIONS AND FLUXES OF DISSOLVED NUTRIENTS IN THE YANGTZE RIVER: LONG-TERM TRENDS AND ECOLOGICAL

Yandan FU, Jiahui KANG, Ziyue LI, Xuejun LIU, Wen XU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第4期页码 559-567 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020344

摘要： Intensifying human activity in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) has substantially increased nutrient concentrations in the Yangtze River Estuary, leading to degradation of the coastal environment. Analysis of nutrient determinations published over the past 50 years reveals a gradual decreasing trend in the concentrations and fluxes of dissolved silicate (DSi). However, both dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) concentrations have increased significantly since the 1970s. The frequency and area covered by red tide outbreaks have increased greatly during this period, mainly due to changes in nutrient supply ratios [i.e., N/P (DIN/DIP), N/Si (DIN/DSi), P/Si (DIP/DSi)]. A strong correlation was found between the riverine DIN fluxes and the estimated DIN inputs from the major N sources, particularly fertilizers and atmospheric deposition. The data provide a comprehensive assessment of nutrients in the YRB and their ecological impacts and indicate a potentially significant influence of atmospheric deposition on DIN loadings and fluxes.

关键词： atmospheric deposition ecological impacts nitrogen sources nutrients Yangtze River Delta

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我国生态文明统计核算方法研究

石庆焱,周晶

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第4期页码 67-73 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.04.011

摘要：

构建生态文明统计核算体系是生态文明建设的基础性工作，可为生态文明建设进程的监测、评估和决策提供可靠的数据支撑。虽然我国目前已有一定的资源环境统计基础，但由于缺少生态文明统计核算的顶层设计，因此无法将这些数据有效整合于统一框架。本文从生态文明建设的实际需求出发，分析了我国在生态文明统计核算中存在的问题，在结合SEEA2012–CF的基础上构建了我国生态文明统计指标体系和核算框架，并就进一步完善我国生态文明统计核算体系提出建议。

关键词：生态文明 SEEA2012–CF 统计体系核算框架自然资源资产负债表环境资产账户

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创建新医学的思考

马蔼乃,赵少奎

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第10期页码 19-23

摘要：

西医以实证科学为基础，以分解、还原为主要方法，分工越来越精细，获得了许多医学上的成就，也治愈了许多疾病，但是强调治病，对人的因素重视不够，在维护整个人体健康方面遇到了某些困惑。中医把人看成“天、地、人”三位一体的整体，从辨证恒动的观点出发，以实践为基础，实施综合、整体治疗，也获得许多医学上的成就，治愈了许多疾病，但是主要凭感觉，取象比类等方法诊治病人，缺乏实证科学的基础。半个多世纪以来，提倡中西医结合，有一定成效。在钱学森系统科学思想的指导下，依照“突破还原论，发展整体论，达到两者辩证统一的系统论”的哲学理念，提出了中西医的结合点——人体生态系统。人体生态系统是以人体系统为中心与人体之外的环境构成一个整体的复杂系统，针对“人”是一个开放的复杂巨系统，运用综合集成创新的思路，提出了创建新医学——人体生态医学的构想。

关键词：复杂性科学开放的复杂巨系统人体生态系统人体信息系统人体生态医学